About the ratings
EWG provides information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. The ratings below indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors which determine actual health risks, if any.
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Cancer |
| Type of Concern |
Reference |
|---|
| Known human carcinogen | Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens |
| Known human carcinogen | EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) |
| Known human carcinogen | Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens |
| Known human carcinogen | NTP Report on Carcinogens, 11th Edition |
| Possible human carcinogen | California EPA Proposition 65 |
| Cancer - moderate evidence - hematologic | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Cancer - moderate evidence - gastrointestinal | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
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| Cancer - limited evidence | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Cancer - limited evidence | | |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity |
| Type of Concern |
Reference |
|---|
| Possible human developmental toxicant | California EPA Proposition 65 |
| Human developmental toxicant - moderate evidence | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Human nervous system toxicant - moderate evidence | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Human musculoskeletal toxicant - moderate evidence | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Human nervous system toxicant - moderate evidence | Chemicals known to be neurotoxic to humans |
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| Limited evidence of nervous system toxicity | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Limited evidence of renal toxicity | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Limited evidence of developmental toxicity | | |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) |
| Type of Concern |
Reference |
|---|
| Known human respiratory toxicant | EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants |
| Known human cardiovascular toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Known human skin toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Known human sense organ toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Possible human hematologic toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Possible human respiratory toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Possible human cardiovascular toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Possible human gastrointestinal toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Possible human sense organ toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
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| Classified as toxic or harmful | European Union - Classification & Labelling |
| Limited evidence of renal toxicity | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Limited evidence of broad systemic toxicity | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Limited evidence of hematologic toxicity | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
| Limited evidence of gastrointestinal or liver toxicity | |
| Limited evidence of sense organ toxicity | |
| Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity | |
| Limited evidence of cardiovascular or blood toxicity | |
| Limited evidence of kidney toxicity | |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Classified as a low human health priority | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | |
references |
| government/industry list/academic study
| reference
|
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP. |
| Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens | ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) 2008. ACGIH cancer classification system. www.acgih.org. |
| FDA Food Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Food Additive Status List. Downloaded from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Edms/opa-appa.html, Oct 16, 2006. |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | AOEC (Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics). 2009. AEOC exposures codes and asthmagen designation. |
| Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | Health Canada. 2007. List of Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetic Ingredients. Canada's Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist. March 2007. |
| CHE Toxicant and Disease Database | CHE (The Collaborative on Health and the Environment). 2006. Toxicant and Disease Database. |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
| Environment Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2008. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Evidence for human carcinogenicity based on 1986-2005 guidelines. |
| EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005. Office of Air. The 112(b)1 Hazardous Air Pollutants List (as modified). Last modified: 12 Dec 2005. |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents. |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures). |
| Chemicals known to be neurotoxic to humans | Grandjean P and PJ Landrigan. 2006. Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals. Lancet. 2006 Dec 16;368(9553):2167-78. |
| NTP Report on Carcinogens, 11th Edition | NTP (National Toxicology Program). 2005. Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. |
| Our Stolen Future Endocrine Disruptors | Colborn T, D Dumanoski, JP Myers. 2006. Widespread Pollutants with Endocrine-disrupting Effects. Updated from original listing in "Our Stolen Future" (1996). |
| Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) | EC (Environment Canada). 1994. Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET). ARET substance list of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| California EPA Proposition 65 | California EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 9/2008. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. |
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